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Essay by
prof. T.Nazmi
The
Paranoia of Walter
Mitty
Prof.Tayseer
Nazmi
Every psychiatrist checks his patients
history in order to get a full idea about whom
he is dealing with. In Walter Mittys case the
situation is different, not because his case is
not yet dangerous, but because Thurber
introduced Mitty to the reader of fiction more
than to a psychiatrist .The reader remained
ignorant about Mittys youth, real job and
previous experiences that shaped his character.
However Thurber depicted Mitty's character as an
affable protagonist "not young any longer" who
every now and then resorts to
daydreams.
Symptoms and
form
These daydreams start from the first 165
military sound words of the text in which Mitty
is a commander in the navy who commands a team
of fighters and a war planes. Did this role
satisfy Mittys psychological needs to feel
highly-esteemed and important? Of course the
answer is No since Thurber gave Mitty another
role in his second daydream, which reveals the
secret hidden life more important for Mitty than
the real life. Mittys wife who is not aware of
what is going on in her husbands mind noticed
that Mitty was driving faster than usual and
asked him why he was driving fast. Mitty did not
answer her for she was "unfamiliar" to him,"
like a strange woman who had yelled at him in a
crowd". She wished hed let Dr.
Renshaw look him over. In Mittys thinking of
himself as a great, stubborn, undefeatable
commander this "wish" by his wife showed him as
inferior to Dr. Renshaw. Mitty's immediate
response was another obsession that compensates
for his feeling of inferiority. The second
daydream, motivated by seeing the hospital,
lasted for 362 words of the text showed that
Mitty is the great doctor, plus an author of a
book which even the most brilliant doctors read
and admired. The setting for the second fantasy
was in the operation room and the patient was
not less than a millionaire.
Dr. Renshaw, whom Mrs.
Mitty mentioned to check Mitty, became in
Mittys obsession an ordinary doctor when
compared to Mittys capabilities and geniuses
that attracted the concern of all doctors and
nurses in the operation room. Even the newsboy
with whom the old man Mitty is supposed to feel
sympathy was a subject of challenge and
superiority. Instead of buying himself a paper
from the newsboy Mitty went through a third
daydream in the court imagining himself the
greatest pistol shot.
A reader, while enjoying
Mittys imaginative adventures, may wonder about
who Mitty supports in the war and why? With the
Germans in World War I, while he is now in the
time of World War II, or with the French in
Waterloo?
At first,
I really thought about World War II as the
period of writing and publishing this story.
Later on, I thought of World War I as I realized
the imaginative side of Mittys dreams and
obsessions. But when I examined the text more
carefully I came to the conclusion that Thurber
did not serve as a fighter in World War I due to
the loss of one of his eyes. However, Thurber
benefited from the time of war which prevailed
in Mittys daydreams, not to use it as a theme,
but to explore an old man's feelings and
sufferings of inferiority. It is worth
mentioning that, the whole story counted 2084
words; and about half of this number was
dedicated to the old mans solitude and exile in
a secret life of his own.
Whether Mitty served in
World War I or not, he is in danger in World War
II, not from the war itself, but rather than
from his human weakness in facing life as it is.
From a psychological point of view, he got old
and lost his youth once and forever. On the
basis of that, to eye-witness two World Wars is
a big burden that makes any human being think,
contemplate, get tensed and even ask about the
meaning of life. Moreover, Mittys dreams
satisfied him as being a brave fighter, a great
doctor or a great pistol shot on whose arms a
beautiful girl may throw herself or at least
being a captain if not a commander. These roles
in life could have given his life a meaning, he
thinks. On the realistic level, Mitty fails to
understand that the meaning of life does not
need perpetual heroic deeds or adventures. That
life can be meaningful without wars or killing
or flying a war plane. Life, as Mrs. Mitty lives
it, is satisfactory with driving a car at the
speed of forty, taking care of puppies and
putting ones overshoes at the store without
being a millionaire. The question here is did
Mitty understand that this his dreams did not
exist? Thurber built his story on this
contradiction, with a sense of humor that
generates both revelation and joy. Mrs. Mitty is
not aware of the seriousness of her husbands
case. She suggests that her husbands age and
being absent minded needs an ordinary doctor who
might just need to check his temperature. While,
Mitty could harm himself or hurt others if his
case deteriorates to what medicine calls
obsession compulsive neuroses or "Paranoia"
disease. If Mitty is not cured from this
disease, which is a psychological and not a
mental one, he could become insane though he is
not insane so far.
Usually,
psychological patients do not admit their
illness. Mitty, is already one of those who
think that when they ignore the world of
realities around them they are only thinking.
For four times in the story Mitty escaped from
the ground to his daydreams. He refused taking
orders from his wife because he could not see
that she was taking care of him rather than
giving orders to a commander. Since he is weak
he can not show disobedience. That was the case
when he showed that he would put on his gloves.
But since the gloves, were connected with Dr.
Renshaw, and seemed to be an order that a
commander should not accept from those who are
lower than him in rank, Mitty did not accept
realities and soon he escaped to his
imagination. When he felt obliged to put them
on, he imagined himself a great doctor in a
hospital and there was a great person who needed
his experience.
The
series of obsessions started from the first
refusal of accepting to drive a car in the
street. Mitty thinks that he is too more
important to drive a car in the street, so he
imagined himself flying a war plane in the
battle field. The same happened when he heard
his wife speaking about Dr. Renshaw and the
gloves. He escaped to the operating room to
complete
a greater
task. This was repeated when he heard the
newsboy telling about the court news. Instead of
buying the paper and reading the real news,
Mitty enforced himself in the court as he
considered it more important than reading a
newspaper. Even the attendant who was worried
about Mitty not being able to park the car
properly could not understand how a person of
his age would need help or advice. Mitty always
believed that small, trivial things did not
match his personality so he resorted to his
imagination where he could do more important
things. In conclusion he did
nothing.
To trace
the seriousness of Mittys case we can observe
the following statistics of words in the text's
structure, which shows to which extent his
illness affected the form of the
story:
The
above chart shows the trends of Mitty's
obsessions in comparison with the realities
surrounding him. In the five shifts, his wife
and others woke him up to the real
life which he could not live with.
In
every shift there is a sense of humor which
immerges from the gap between fantasy and
reality. There is always a spark word to ignite
the plane of imagination and a motivating
situation to provide a sense of structure and
the plots growth. However, the most important
thing to notice is that the story starts and
ends in obsessions. Lets illustrate this point
in the following diagram:
Such a
self-obsessed character like Mitty needs urgent
care. The story showed that an old man, who
could be above 45 years old is endangering his
own life by being absent minded most of the
time. Mitty could have made an accident whether
by not noticing that he was driving 15km more
than usual, not being aware of the traffic light
or even by driving aimlessly in the
streets.
Hidden
sexual reasons
Mrs.
Mitty was taking care of her husband and herself
at the same time. She was used to his absent
mindedness. For that, she asked him to put on
his gloves and to buy the overshoes. Moreover
she reminded him frankly of being "not young any
longer. Mitty did not think of her nor did he
speak a single word while driving. Instead he
thought of pretty nurses and the
dark-haired girl of the court in
his daydreams. He imagined other woman to come
in his arms, which indicated something was wrong
in Mittys relationship with his wife. In brief,
a reader can question the sexual relation
between them. The story is indicative of a
negative answer indeed. Mrs. Mitty was going to
have her hair done and Mitty did not say or
think anything about this as if it did not
exist. Mitty kept thinking most of the time of
his ego. Most patients like him, who suffer from
the lack of sexual desire plus a lack of self
confidence and a persisting feeling of
inferiority, not interested in being sexually
satisfied nor in satisfying
another.
The character of Mrs.
Mitty as portrayed in this story encourages this
point of view. To some extent Mittys sufferings
and state of absent mindedness could be emerging
from this weak part of his character. It is
clear that they do not have children, and that
is another reason for Mittys character acting
his role in the story. The puppy biscuits
could not be the equivalent of a kids present
or childs need from their parents. Children
always make changes in their parents life.
Mittys character lies in this reality. Thurber
did not make reference to this except informing
us that Mrs. Mitty asked her husband to buy
whats its name which means only puppy
biscuits.
Tragic and comic
elements
I can feel the tragic part in Mittys
character, though the writer depicted it
skillfully in the shape of humorous, exciting
adventures and comic exaggerations. The last
lines of the story gave a conclusive image of
the whole narration when Mrs. Mitty went inside
the drugstore promising Mitty not more than a
minute of time to be back and when he felt that
she was away from him more than that "It began
to rain, rain with sleet in it. He stood up
against the wall of the drugstore, smoking. . .
Then, with that faint, fleeting smile playing
about his lips, he faced the firing squad; erect
and motionless, proud and disdainful, Walter
Mitty the Undefeated, inscrutable to the
last."
A very
humorous and sympathetic ending to see Mitty in
the rain as a helpless child waiting his
mothers return and imagining himself as if he
was facing a firing squad. While reality is that
it was the sleet of rain. But can a selfish
ego-centered and self-obsessed patient, who is
ashamed of his own voice and feels inferiority,
feel the good of it?
The
good of civil life and peace? the good of rain
for life?
When the name sounds
The name
Thurber chose for such a character is well
indicative of a military name in sound
combinations and decisiveness. However Mitty's
sound was like "thin ice breaking". This also
may be another reason why he did not enjoy
himself with music though he tried once to sing
the French song "Auprs de Ma
Blonde."
To
my knowledge most of those who develop into
dictators suffer paranoia in one way or another.
Mitty in his daydreams is one of them, for in
spite of his own human weakness, he was dreaming
of being a dominant superior, military power and
never learned that a drop of water could defeat
a navy bombing hydroplane.
The second part of his name is so ironic.
The word "Mitty" means a type of gloves worn by
women. Both water and women stand as symbols of
life and Walter Mitty carries them to lead his
life. In the first part of his name if we ignore
one letter in "Walter". It becomes water.
Thurber knows this artistically and did not
ignore the "L" letter which reflects, I feel,
the battle of Waterloo.
Napoleon, as some historians mentioned, was
defeated in this battle because of suffering
"Piles" disease. At the end Thurber mocked wars
and dictators humorously by creating Mitty,
whose future I foresee, may develop into
criminality or insanity if not cured. But if he gets
healthy, I expect a great writer will come out
of his imagination's productivity. Many artists
suffer from the symptom of tension until they
get rid of it through practicing their art. Mrs.
Mitty noticed that tension but she couldn't deal
with it as a psychiatric could
do.
An Arab Walter
Mitty is available in Arabic in this pdf
file The previous president of
The Arab Writers Union wrote the attached pdf
file to one of Amman's Palace Of Justice courts
as an expert in assassinating other Arab writers
who dare differ.Have fun in reading it since he
thought himself the judge and the real judge
functions only as a reader. What a trap the real
mocking satiric writer caused him to
write. Mr. President doesn't know that Henry
Miller and Israel Shahak and James Thurber and
other great writers are dead and Who is Fawaz
Turki
28
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T.Nazmi
Elza
Art
Cures
Prof.Tayseer
Nazmi
Although Ernest fisher was a marxist
thinker and writer, he spoke
a great deal about
magic relating
this word
to
the
field of
art,
in
his
significant book
our necessity for art. Both art
and
magic,
that we
need to
analyses the
story, if
not
the
tale of Ali
Baba and the
forty thieves
:
In
the
DVD 1001 Nights, the
entertaining
film
based on the
tales
of
1001 nights, the Sultans
instability,
weakness and
psychological illness he
suffers
from betrayal
are clear, besides he is
sick to the
degree of
madness. So he
needs to be cured. His new
wife who
knows him
when
they
were both
children
took the
risk and
sacrificed
her life in
taking the challenge .
She didnt want to face the same fate
that the Sultans previous wives faced since she
felt from the start that she was a distinguished
woman among those who were listening to the
story teller . Thats why she kept in the film
listening to that old mans advices which were
not more than humanity heritage of experiences
in life, told in the art of stories. She was
taught how to understand by art. She was the
only woman among others that we saw her
smiling.
Her choice of Ali babas story was
touching and created lot of suspense. The
Sultans illness and psychological complex go in
parallel, to some extant of course, with the
story plot and characters. The story created its
own suspense and was very appealing to the
sultans case. The first complaint that
motivated her choice was the sufferings of
her husband,
being unable to sleep for forty nights. The
interior psychological suffering was being
betrayed from his wife and his brother. Ali Baba
himself has a brother called Qasim and his
intimate and loyal friend was not but a camel
called Safa. The story tells how Safa even an
animal but can be faithful more than some wife
of the Sultan that caused him the big trouble in
his life.
To mention any wife of Ali Baba at the
first night could be hurting and dangerous to a
man who has both absolute power and
psychologically sick to the degree of madness.
Anyhow, the Sultan kept attached to the plot.
When the sun rose and her first night ended
without ending the story, the Sultan ordered his
wife to tell him the end of the story. The wise
wife and clever artist expressed her being tired
and sleepy and that the daylight will not help
the atmosphere of the
story. She indeed spoke realities and the truth
of art.
The most fatal night passed and she won
her life because she used her imagination and
her artistic skills in how to keep the audience
in great suspense. Without that suspense art
stops to be art. Her teacher, the old man,
stressed this fact later when he said to her
that she wouldnt let her audience expect the
next event of the plot. That means in the
language of fiction, the writer must be an
artist who can build the internal logic of any
tales sequence of events.
The interior logic of events reached one
of its climaxes in the first morning in which
the story teller could have been killed. She
stopped telling her story at the moment that the
Sultan was very eager to know about Blackodas
decision to kill Ali Baba wherever he might
be.
The
second night ended the story of Ali Baba and the
forty thieves without achieving one of its
objectives thats to cure and insight the
Sultan, but it saved his wifes life. So, to
avoid losing the Sultans interest in what his
new and distinguished wife unexpectedly
approaching, the artist responded to the word
trick which was said by her powerful husband
by a counterpart trick of art.
While
she was ending her first story of Ali Baba being
married to his loyal and sincere friend who
saved his life from the semi-Trojan trick of the
revenger and the murderer thieves, she generated
her second story of Pickpak by introducing
its
introductory setting and the name of its
main character Pickpak that draws attention,
during the wedding party of Ali Baba and his
loyal wife. So, before ending the first story
she actually generated the second story from the
first.
The
second story differs in its characters and theme
as well in its plot and form, but the moral
lessons will be repeated and the suspense will
function in letting the Sultan think gradually
of other themes rather than the persisting theme
of betrayal. Moreover the comic character of
Pickpak itself is entirely strange and
optimistic in its view and attitude to life.
Pickpak died laughing and by his death he even
made people laugh. The negative side of his
death in accusing too many people of murdering
was solved on basis of justice and peoples
catharsis.
Power
if misused by the judge of the court or by evil
in other characters could have hanged an
innocent human being who didnt murder anyone
for the sake of money.
The theme
of power, wealth and loyalty kept repeating in
several forms and plots throughout the most of
the tales which were constructed by the director
of the film in the western form and structure of
modern short story technique. The director
benefited a great deal from what once E.M.Foster
mentioned about several sorts of arts when he
said that arts will borrow from each other when
they progress. Had the stories been unfolded
only by narration might not help the ordinary
reader or watcher from getting bored. Instead,
the director made other elements of art function
to create more interest, suspense and
entertainment. He directed the audiences
imagination to be aware of the Sultans
imagination also. So, he applied to the senses;
music, architecture and painting through
creating a fascinating background for each event
of the story such as the scene of the cave in
the tale of Ali Baba and the underground
symmetry in Mustafas or the Arabic few words to
create credibility and convince. These additions
from the director are very related and without
getting the audiences attention goes astray.
Like magic itself, some scenes were
introduced to let the sequence of stories remain
with high suspense and entertainment. By all
these elements of art, the DVD 1001 Nights was
convincing, entertaining and like the Sultan,
the audience couldnt get out of it without
epiphany and cure.
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